CUHSO is a scientific journal of open access (Diamond Route) and continuous publication, edited by the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Catholic University of Temuco. It publishes original research articles, essays, and reviews in the fields of Social Sciences and Humanities, with special interest in the cultural, political, and territorial processes of the Global South. The journal accepts manuscripts in Spanish, English, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Mapudungun, all of which undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process. Main indexations: Scopus (Q2) · Web of Science (ESCI) · Redalyc · Latindex · Dialnet eISSN: 2452-610X
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Católica de Temuco
CUHSO por Universidad Católica de Temuco se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. Basada en una obra en https://cuhso.uct.cl. En todos los casos, los derechos de autor son conservador por los autores. Las obras publicadas en CUHSO pueden ser compartidas, copiadas y distribuidas en cualquier medio o formato. Se autoriza la adaptación, remezcla, transformación y creación a partir de las obras. Al seguir esta licencia, los principios anteriores no pueden ser revocados. Debe reconocerse la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicarse si se han efectuado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace. Las obras publicadas en CUHSO no pueden ser utilizadas con fines comerciales. Cualquier obra derivada de contenidos publicados en CUHSO
En esta entrevista, José Bengoa reflexiona sobre su trayectoria intelectual y su contribución al estudio de los pueblos indígenas en Chile, abordando los vínculos entre historia y antropología. A lo largo de la conversación, analiza los procesos históricos que han marcado la relación entre el Estado y el mundo indígena, así como los desafíos contemporáneos en materia de reconocimiento, memoria y derechos. La entrevista ofrece una mirada crítica y situada sobre la sociedad chilena, destacando la vigencia de estos debates en el contexto actual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudio Espinoza Araya, Leonardo Piña Cabrera, Hector Mora Nawrath, Andrea Chamorro Pérez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Memory and Heritage in the Initial Training of History, Geography, and Social Sciences Teachers: Discourses, Meanings, and Tensions in the Chilean Curriculum
This article analyses the role of memory and heritage in the initial training of teachers specialised in History, Geography, and Social Sciences in Chile. The objective was to understand the meanings, tensions and criteria that guide the incorporation of these approaches in the training processes of future teachers. The methodology included a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with directors and heads of undergraduate pedagogy programmes at Chilean universities. The analysis, supported by NVivo software, identified three main dimensions in the participants’ discourses: memory as a field of dispute and critical reading of the past, heritage as a pedagogical resource located in the territory, and work with archives and primary sources as a tool for the development of historical thinking in future teachers. Among the results, the broad consensus on the formative value of these approaches stands out, especially regarding citizenship training and the critical teaching of History among future teachers. However, institutional, methodological and cultural tensions were also identified, which hinder their systematic incorporation into the curricula. These tensions generate a gap between its discursive recognition and its effective curricular implementation. Overall, the findings allow us to understand how these perspectives are configured in Chilean pedagogy programmes and provide elements to strengthen heritage education in initial teacher training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaime A. Zañartu Reyes , Martín Lara Ortega , Manuel E. Cortés https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Dilemmas of a globalized forestry company. Celulosa Arauco and Constitución seeking for a better conditions: between Southern Chile and the Brazilian Cerrado
This paper studies the recent territorial strategies of Celulosa Arauco & Constitución (Arauco), a chilean enterprise world’s leading companies in forestry sector, with a presence in Latin America, Europe and North America, in forest plantations, pulp production, sawmills and panel manufacturing, and a growing energy generation. Arauco began a global expansion in the 1990s, with plantations and cellulose and panel factories in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, and panel factories in Europe and North America. Moreover, it extended its participation in different segments of the Global Forestry Value Chain, from genetics to logistics, transportation and marketing. Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilien state, became the newest frontier for the Arauco investments, its main zone business. This paper argues that Arauco has decided to reduce its presence in Chile (plantations and factories) and relocate its main operations to this Brazilian state. The forestry sector has been unable to overcome the market, natural and political limits emerged in Chile during the last decades, while Mato Grosso do Sul offers quite different territorial condition. According to historiographical and geographical methodology, this paper uses state and forestry company documents, statistics, databases, maps, press information, interviews and bibliography, from Chile and Brazil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabián Almonacid, Luis Fernando Luis Fernando https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Syllable Structure Production in children with Down Syndrome
Children with Down syndrome (DS) present multiple and complex symptoms, with expressive language being the most compromised. Specifically, the greatest difficulties are manifested at the phonetic-phonological level, which is expressed in errors that can be generated by the cognitive deficit characteristic of DS, but also by the multifactorial symptoms they present. Furthermore, Chile has a high prevalence of children with DS, the highest in Latin America. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the syllable structure of children with DS aged 5.0 to 9.11 years in order to determine how they acquire this suprasegmental feature. To this end, a group of 25 children between the ages of 5.0 and 9.11 years old from the Metropolitan, Valparaíso, and Biobío geographical areas was considered. They were given the Spanish Phonology Test (Bernhardt et al., 2016), which involves eliciting 100 words from each child, in addition to meeting a series of criteria required to be part of the sample. Among the results obtained, it was noted that children with DS present persistent syllable structure processes, mainly omissions and additions, which do not decrease with age. These alterations, related to articulation, perception, and phonological working memory difficulties, affect their intelligibility. Accurate characterization of these errors is essential for designing effective therapeutic interventions and improving their social inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Teresa Nuñez, Denisse Pérez Herrera, Susana Cáceres Valdebenito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Cultural defense and epistemic injustices in the court: Anthropological expert reports in Mapuche cases
The article offers a theoretical framework to better understand how identity prejudices can affect the assessment of expert testimony by the judge, and so not only promote error in the search for truth in the case but also epistemic injustices related to the epistemic and systematic non-recognition of marginalized groups that collectively perpetuate a context of oppression. The article focuses on the expert evidence offered by anthropologists to supply socio-cultural and contextual understanding in criminal cases of the Chilean legal system that involves Mapuche people. The cases presented plausibly suggest that the anthropological expert evidence about marginalized groups is prejudicially embraced and produce epistemic injustices. In particular, these cases plausibly exemplify a kind of content-based epistemic injustice that has not been noticed in the judicial context. To appreciate this, first, the Rationalist tradition which is assumed is introduce as well as the phenomenon of epistemic injustices to understand the sort of epistemic dysfunctions to be considered. Second, the Chilean legal system, from which the cases are taken, is presented as well as the cultural defense that serves as background for those cases. Third, the cases about anthropological evidence about Mapuche people accused of criminal acts are presented to show the plausibility of a kind of content-based epistemic injustice that affects them, and so interfering both with the search for truth and perpetuating the invisibilization of the Mapuche people. Finally, the generalization of the considered phenomenon to other culturally marginalized groups is highlighted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leandro De Brasi, Fabien Le Bonniec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Dossier Presentation: 100 Years of Chilean and Latin American Social Work: Memory and Social Transformation
A centennial anniversary, as a significant and unique event, compels us to reflect on the journey undertaken. For Chilean and Latin American Social Work, this centennial has represented an opportunity to refine our perspective on a diversity of possible approaches to its development, considering events and experiences, some more visible than others, that have unfolded alongside the social and political history of the continent.
Dossier: 100 years of Chilean and Latin American Social Work
Copyright (c) 2025 Magaly Cabrolié-Vargas, Luis Vivero-Arriagada, Alfredo Juan Manuel Carballeda, Leticia Arancibia-Martínez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Directionality of translation in María Huenuñir's Mapuzugun poems in Malen mapu
María Huenuñir (Panguipulli, 1968) began her poetic career with Malen Mapu (2003), a book that includes eight bilingual Mapuzugun – Spanish poems. After reviewing the author's career and the evolution of her writing in Mapuzugun, the contrastive analysis of the versions of her opera prima, supported by the personal testimony of the author herself, aimed to clarify the place of the original in the poems. This analysis seeks to assess the importance of writing in Mapuzugun, which finds itself at a sociolinguistic crossroads between the loss and revitalization of the Mapuche language, in an unfavorable context of the hegemony of Spanish and the subalternization of Mapuzugun.
Copyright (c) 2026 Javier Aguirre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Pillmayken egu choyke ñi piam. Autor: Bastián Chandía Millanaw. Tortuga Samurai
Dose of understanding: Effective communication in medication consumption in southern Chile
The central aim of this study is to examine both written and oral linguistic-cultural mediation processes within the context of migration dynamics. La Araucanía, a region in southern Chile characterized by its notable interethnicity and interculturality, has seen the arrival of different migrant populations over the last ten years. Focusing on the French Creole-speaking Haitian population, this article presents the results of two research projects centered on a common theme: the use and consumption of medications. The first project involved ethnographic work on the relationships established between the staff and Haitian users in the pharmacy unit of a public health center in the city of Temuco. Subsequently, the medical leaflets that accompany all medicines when they are purchased in private pharmacies were analyzed linguistically and socioculturally. These two studies allow us to answer the fundamental question that justifies this work: how can language recognize or undermine people in societies that are increasingly pluralistic in social and cultural terms? The main conclusion reached is that, although oral communication facilitated by bicultural mediators resolves communication problems between culturally and linguistically diverse actors, it is self-defeating and unfeasible in economic and personnel terms. For this reason, we propose what we call accessible and public writing to promote fairer and more humanizing inter-societal and intercultural relations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jimena Weinberg Alarcón, Mario Samaniego https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The Hispanic conceptualization of the American “Indian” in the 16th century, with special reference to the Chichimeca and Reche-Mapuche borderlands
Through the analysis of colonial texts written by conquistadors, explorers, naturalists, theologians, jurists, and missionaries of the 16th century, complemented by recently published works, this article addresses the intellectual process of constructing the concept of the american "Indian". It is assumed that discourses surrounding the Indian emanate from actors governed by their own agendas (personal or institutional), which over time shifted from an ethnographic discourse that based its epistemological roots primarily on the theological and philosophical foundations of ancient and medieval thought to one based primarily on empirical evidence. A particular approach is made to the Chichimeca and Reche-Mapuche cases, the two most conflictive Spanish-Indian borderlands at the end of that century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francis Goicovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Allegories of time in the centenary of chilean social work
On May 4, 2025, the first specialized unit of Social Work in Chile and Latin America will be founded, this enables the passage of time to be placed in the central position of the commemoration. The tradition of ancient Greece recognizes three mythological figures that symbolize time and correspond to the chronological and sequential time of Kronos; the circular time, inspired by the cyclic passage of nature of Aion; and the time of opportunity and inspiration of Kairos. In this context, the objective of this article is to reflect on the centenary commemoration of chilean Social Work from the allegories of time expressed in Kronos, Kairos and Aion, taking as reference the main events recorded in the specialized professional bibliography. Thus, in the one hundred years of social work in Chile and Latin America, there is a converging temporal sequence of Kronos, drawn from the relevant events that mark the professional calendars; the experiential time of Kairos, which symbolizes the decisions in contingency that have strengthened specialized knowledge and social practice; and the time of Aion, which represents a distinctive and immanent disciplinary and professional knowledge. These allegories symbolize conceptions and experiences of a century-old time, which flows between permanence and change, linked to the vocation and commitment of Social Work with a social world in permanent transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Castañeda-Meneses, Ana María Salamé-Coulon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Reseña del Libro. Poder de clase y política laboral. Sindicatos, asociaciones empresariales y reforma en Chile. Pablo Pérez Ahumada. Ed. Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Santiago, Chile.
Book Review. Class Power and Labor Politics. Unions, Business Associations, and Reform in Chile. Pablo Pérez Ahumada. Ed. Alberto Hurtado University. Santiago, Chile.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dasten Julián https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Railway mobility and territorial roots: memories and Social Roles of train workers in south-central Chile
Using a qualitative approach, a study focused on the experiences of railway workers in the Maule, Biobío, and Araucanía regions was developed. The objective was to analyze how these workers become key actors in railway promotion and planning, highlighting their influence on railway operations and their perceptions of railway heritage in motion in south-central Chile. The results highlight a railway tradition linked to biographical aspects, such as a certain heritage and professional skills appropriate for working on trains; the identification of a railway social role linked to the mobility of people from predominantly rural areas; the role of the railway in relation to territories; and the existence of a railway heritage sustained by communities, their memory, and railway architecture. The conclusions are that the railway is a means of transport deeply rooted in the culture and economy of the study area, the importance of railway workers in the promotion of railway heritage, and the need to comprehensively revitalize the railway in the study regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hernán Riquelme Brevis, Alejandro Vallina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Challenges in Latin American agri-food policies: new normality, sustainability, participation and the panorama of SEGALMEX 2019-2024
Current Latin American agri-food policies aim to increase yields per unit area to guarantee the supply of basic foodstuffs. Based on this premise, the Mexican Food Security Policy (SEGALMEX) 2019-2024 was analyzed, considering its sustainability aspect for the sector and peasant production, and the strategies it implemented to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resulting new normality. Within this analytical framework, the most relevant Latin American agri-food policies are examined from a sociological critique perspective based on content analysis and heuristic-hermeneutic analysis to discuss and provide feedback on their approach to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on the Mexican Food Security Policy (SEGALMEX). This analysis identified areas of opportunity in terms of agri-food self-sufficiency, security, sovereignty, and sustainability, and proposes conceptual and operational elements to address the observed conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 José Téllez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Theory as sociological metaphor: Identity self-construction and struggle for recognition among Mapuche and Colombian communities in Chile and Argentina
This article proposes a sociological metaphor inspired by color theory to analyze identity construction and struggles for recognition among collectives excluded from public space. Based on qualitative interviews with members of the Mapuche people and Colombian migrants in Argentina and Chile, the study applies a grounded theory methodology. Findings show that identity is relational, situated, and shaped by hegemonic discourse, political context, and self-perception. The article proposes a bottom-up approach centered on the voices of excluded groups, rather than on how power represents them. Agency is emphasized as these groups actively observe, narrate, and construct meaning from critical margins.
Copyright (c) 2026 Damian Andres Canton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Historical and Contextual Overdeterminations in the Origin and Configuration of Chilean Social Work
This article proposes an examination of the Chilean socio-historical context that enabled the emergence of a discipline such as Social Work. It identifies and critically analyzes four conceptual tensions or antinomies that have overdetermined the discipline and that may shed light on the contemporary challenges of Chilean social work as it moves through the twenty-first century: authoritarianism/authority; emerging developmentalism/oligarchic extractivist or rentier economy; the tension between State and civil society; and, finally, the essential tension between science and ideology. From an analytical synthesis standpoint, it is argued that the socio-political fabric has shaped the discipline since its origins, constituting a field of contradictory forces that has continuously placed its various actors within a dynamic of production, resistance, and reproduction underpinning contemporary social work.
Copyright (c) 2025 Walter Molina Chavez, Alejandra González https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Raspacanilla: A subaltern music scene in Venezuela from its genealogy, identity construction, and phonographic practices
Raspacanilla is a Venezuelan musical practice with more than sixty years of history, which emerged as a variant of Colombian cumbia in the states of Lara and Zulia within a context of migration and social and cultural transformation. This study aims to make raspacanilla visible and to critically address it as a subaltern and peripheral music, excluded from the recording industry and academic discourse, yet sustained through community-based and self-managed dynamics. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines the sociology of music—through the concept of musical scenes—and musicology applied to phonographic production, using open interviews with performers, audiences, and recording technicians, as well as an organological and stylistic analysis of recordings identified by musicians themselves as raspacanilla. The results show that the genre is characterized by the use of the organ, accelerated tempos, and circulation outside the recording industry, functioning as a space of social cohesion, cultural resistance, and identity construction among popular and migrant communities. As an independent and peripheral music, raspacanilla constitutes a musical scene that resignifies cumbia within the Venezuelan context and reveals new ways of understanding subaltern musical practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Perez-Valero, Marelis Loreto-Amoretti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Claims, negotiations and discursive strategies. Women´s petitions during the independence, Chile 1810-1832
The objective of this study is to examine the use of petitions as a discursive resource employed by women to obtain the benefits they demanded in the context of Chilean independence and the early republican decades. First of all, it seeks to identify those petitions that reflect the economic, social, and family difficulties faced by women during this political context. Secondly, it aims to analyze the discursive strategies implemented by them to persuade the competent authorities. Women devised strategic discourses in their negotiations with authorities. On one hand, they used the political languages of the period to frame their demands within a legitimate political context, especially when their family and daily lives were affected by the consequences of independence. On the other hand, they deployed a gender narrative that positioned them as mothers and wives defending the subsistence of the family unit. This study demonstrates that petitions were central to the feminization of the public sphere during independence, showing how women emerged as active agents of political discourse, incorporating practical and symbolic ideas of the period, whether adhering to or rejecting national political projects according to their aspirations, and how their claims represented a significant form of female protagonism and a broader notion of citizenship based on their own self-representation of feminine duty. The methodology is based on the analysis of a documentary corpus composed of 467 petitions extracted from the “Ministerio de Hacienda”, the “Ministerio del interior”, and the “contaduría mayor” corresponding to the period 1810–1832.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Armijo, Javiera Martínez Gutiérrez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Rhetorical Structure and Judicial Reasoning in Civil Law: A Move-Analysis Model Applied to Judgments
The article proposes a model of legal discourse analysis that conceives the judicial decision as a macro-genre and segments it into macromoves, moves, and rhetorical steps. This structure is linked to operations of judicial reasoning—such as interpretation and subsumption—in order to observe how the text unfolds the justification of the decision. The model is illustrated through the analysis of a 1912 judgment and a 1959 plenary decision of the Supreme Court of Chile. This exercise tests the procedure and describes its strengths and limits. The study shows how textual organization is connected to reasoning operations and to ideological horizons that can be inferred from the discourse itself. Although this is a pilot corpus with limited conclusions, the article concludes that linking rhetorical segments and legal operations provides an orderly framework for comparing cases and periods, and that the model can help make explicit the rhetorical-discursive mechanisms that rulings use to decide in line with a legal policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudio Antonio Agüero San Juan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Between Transformation and Depoliticization. The Role of Philanthropic Foundations in Chilean Environmental Education
This article analyzes the approaches and practices developed by philanthropic foundations regarding environmental education in Chile. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines research on environmental sciences, educational policies, and social intervention, and employing a qualitative methodological approach that combines semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, the article analyzes the characteristics and approaches of the set of environmental education interventions developed by philanthropic foundations in the country, but with a focus on two iconic programs: the “Escuela del Bosque” program (developed by the CMPC Foundation) and the “Naturalizar” program (developed by the Ilumina Foundation). The results show the existence of different forms of relationship between the foundations and the State, with complementarity (rather than competition) being the predominant form of relationship. Likewise, philanthropic interventions are shaped by the organizational characteristics of the foundations, with the mission of corporate foundations and the family seal being central. Finally, although the predominant pedagogical approaches are heterogeneous, naturalistic tendencies prevail with different nuances depending on the programmatic proposal. Although the initiatives analyzed promote valuable learning about nature, the absence of critical approaches, aligned with technocratic logics, generates tensions between depoliticization and the search for socio-environmental transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Tapia-Urra, Cristóbal Villalobos, Mitzi Duboy-Luengo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The State and Civil Society in the Protection of Human Rights: A Hermeneutic Approach
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the State and civil society in the protection of human rights. In this regard, the epistemic foundations of the State at the international level were reviewed, the epistemological basis of civil society within the international community was identified, and the roles played by both actors in the protection of human rights were analyzed. The study was conducted within a post-positivist paradigm, using a qualitative approach and grounded in the hermeneutic method. The analysis led to a set of final reflections that highlight the importance of respect for human rights by those responsible for guaranteeing them, together with the contribution of civil society in monitoring and safeguarding these rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ysolina Betsabé Díaz González, José Molina, Héctor Espinoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
San Antonio Dockworkers Facing Technological Change: Strategies and Tensions in the Context of Chilean Neoliberalism
Maritime transport is an international business in which ports occupy a strategic position. Its evolution poses various challenges for dockworkers, who must safeguard their occupations and workplaces. From a union revitalization perspective, this article analyzes the development of strategies deployed by organized dockworkers to confront technological change in a highly hostile labor context, as exemplified by the Chilean case. Using a case study approach, a total of 18 interviews were conducted in 2021. The evidence indicates that both the deregulated port labor contracting market and the absence of sectoral bargaining are key explanatory factors that significantly weaken the strategic position of these workers when facing such challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Camila Alvarez Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Beyond the school effect: A new perspective on institutional habitus
This theoretical work proposes a conceptual shift in the notion of institutional habitus within the field of education sociology. In early studies, the concept of institutional habitus was conceived to interpret the role played by educational institutions in reproducing student trajectories during the transition to higher education. However, drawing on Bourdieu's theory, we argue that this concept also enables understanding schools as agents endowed with habitus, capitals, and a sense of the game, thus responding to transformations within the social field. To illustrate this conceptual proposal, we analyze the responses of educational institutions to the changes in the rules of the game introduced by the Chilean education system, particularly following the enactment of the Inclusion Law. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to document the impact of this law on schools accustomed to operating under market regulations and family selection logics aimed at achieving better academic outcomes. The review reveals a certain regularity in the responses of educational institutions to the law, where differences are associated with their position within the field and the capitals accumulated over time. We conclude that this concept allows for a nuanced explanation and understanding of how institutions react to regulatory changes within the educational field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tomas Ilabaca Turri, Carolina Álvarez Valdes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The Viceregal House of Luis de Velasco: Consolidation of the Viceregal Court of New Spain, 1550-1564
The establishment of the first viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, in Mexico City (1535-1550) led this place to become the viceroyal court because it became the seat of the king's alter ego and the government of the kingdom. This panorama caused the political-social articulation of New Spain to begin to be woven from that city through personal mediations, which were the fundamental elements of the cohesion of the royal court. In the same way, Mexico City served as the seat of the viceroy's house, which functioned as the nucleus of the viceregal court, since the servants of his entourage were placed in offices of justice, finance and war in the management bodies (Audiencia, Treasury, corregimientos, mayor mayor's offices, town halls, etc.). All this reflected the bases of the courtly entrenchment forged by Mendoza. Therefore, the article analyzes the organization of the household of the second viceroy of New Spain, Luis de Velasco, in order to understand the continuity of the order of domestic service through the bonds of friendship, familiarity, trust, loyalty, countrymanship, etc., that this ruler built with his most powerful and influential servants, who took over key positions in the administration of the viceroyalty. This meant the reinforcement and perpetuity of the “domestication” of the government of the kingdom, which implied that the viceregal court of New Spain fully developed its consolidation as a system of power. Our main sources are the viceregal mandates, the correspondence of authorities and the charges of the visitation against Velasco.
Copyright (c) 2025 Javier Robles Bocanegra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Linguistic attitudes towards Haitian Creole, Spanish and French among 30 Haitian migrants in the Province of Concepción, Chile
This article analyses the attitudes of 30 Haitian immigrants towards Kreyol, Spanish and French. Participants were asked whether they consider it important for their children to speak Kreyol or Spanish, and whether they would teach their children to speak Kreyol, Spanish, or French. The results reveal predominantly positive attitudes towards all three languages, especially in the case of Kreyol and Spanish, though less so in the case of French. Based on these findings, we conclude that the current context is favourable—at least in terms of attitudes towards these languages—for both the preservation of Kreyol and the implementation of initiatives aimed at strengthening proficiency in the majority language. However, the effective realisation of these outcomes involves other variables beyond the scope of this article.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Jara Saldivia, Gastón Salamanca Gutiérrez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Professional Identity of Social Work in times of civic-military dictatorship. An Analysis from the Social Work Collective (1981-1990)
The civil-military dictatorship caused multiple ruptures in the country's social life, specifically affecting professions in the social field. In the case of social work, these disruptions can be observed on at least two levels. The first was immediate, involving intervention in universities, where repression and political persecution were imposed, in addition to dismissals and exonerations that took place in state agencies. A second level was the abrupt change in university education and professional intervention. In response to this, the Social Work Collective (1981) was formed with the aim of creating a space for exchange and reflection on professional practice to problematize and rethink disciplinary approaches to social intervention considering the country's situation and the consequences for the popular sectors. In this article, we propose to revisit this experience with the aim of problematizing the construction of professional identity and social intervention promoted by this collective. Methodologically, we approached this topic through interviews with its members and the analysis of documents, particularly the institutional report and the magazine Apuntes para Trabajo Social, published by this collective. The study accounts for the construction of professional identities, which were in dispute, and emphasizes a set of practices and principles of professional action that focus on respect for human dignity, human rights, and popular reorganization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Camila Véliz Bustamante, Katia García Benítez, Rosa Araya Añicoy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Territory and university in Aysén, Chile; an essay on philosophical interpretation
This philosophical interpretation essay focuses on the relationship between the territory and the university institutional framework of Aysén, as a problematic network that enables a particular type of social, political, and historical interpretation of the Region. The hypothesis is that this territory has been strongly shaped from an economic perspective, which has guided a certain sense of its university institutional framework, given that the different projects implemented do not respond to a specific ideology, but rather to the drive of modernity that has not been sufficiently criticized from within this institutional framework and its territorial connection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cristián Valdés Norambuena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The objectives of this study are to analyze the perceptions of postgraduate students towards the writing of academic reviews of scientific articles, to explore the emotions and feelings experienced in the process of textual elaboration and to analyze the perceptions towards the explicit pedagogical aid received for their production. In order to achieve these objectives, an online questionnaire with open responses was administered to a group of eleven (11) graduate students from the Institute for Professional Improvement of Teaching, Mérida Extension (Venezuela). Among the favorable perceptions, it stands out that this genre develops comprehension and research skills and promotes learning; and as unfavorable, that it is an academic challenge. Regarding emotions, there is fear, nervousness, uncertainties and blockages, which move towards satisfaction. Regarding the pedagogical aids, there is a positive assessment (unpublished, valuable, excellent, very useful, they are a work guide, they systematize the tasks). Keywords: feelings; perceptions; scientific articles; training review.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lourdes Díaz Blanca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Social Work in the face of the advance of right-wing populism
The aim of this essay is to problematize the work of social work in the heat of the advance of right-wing populisms in Latin America. Returning to Gramsci's theory of hegemony as an analytical tool, it proposes a journey through social work as a sounding board for the ideological project of the elites. From there, it delves into what the article calls the generating professional as the antithesis of the reproducing professional, offering lines of work for this critical social work. The exercise is the result of a critical hermeneutic work, reviewing texts and literature in the context of the discipline and the social sciences. It aims to go beyond diagnostic readings, delivering vanishing points in direct intervention. All this in a context of enormous risks and uncertainties for the groups with which Social Work is linked, due to the advance of populist governments and the installation of a common sense of individualizing and meritocratic character.
Copyright (c) 2025 Igor Alzueta Galar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Social work and production of knowledge in the undergraduate: study of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile
The aim of this paper is to present the thematic emphases of knowledge production in undergraduate Social Work programs in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, in dialogue with the thematic axes of the XXIII Seminar of the Latin American Association for Teaching and Research in Social Work (ALAEITS), held in November 2022 in Montevideo (ALAEITS, 2022), and the XXIV edition of the ALAEITS Seminar, which will take place in October 2025 in Santiago. This is a descriptive-exploratory study based on documentary and bibliographic sources, which was conducted through the analysis of undergraduate thesis in Social Work between 2017 and 2023, available in the open-access institutional repositories of three universities: the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil; the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; and the Alberto Hurtado University (UAH), Chile. The results indicate that 61.6% (ALAEITS, 2022) and 81% (ALAEITS, 2025) of the final theses reflect the traditional linkage of Social Work, both in intervention and research, to the field of social policies, rights, and citizenship. The keywords, grouped into 30 categories, are highly representative of the broad thematic scope of research and intervention in Latin American Social Work. Finally, it was observed that the professional category itself, in terms of training and undergraduate education, postgraduate studies, history, and professional practice, is addressed in only 10% of the works.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tânia Regina Kruger, Sasha Acerbo, Luiza Teixeira Puchalski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es