CUHSO is a scientific journal of open access (Diamond Route) and continuous publication, edited by the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Catholic University of Temuco. It publishes original research articles, essays, and reviews in the fields of Social Sciences and Humanities, with special interest in the cultural, political, and territorial processes of the Global South. The journal accepts manuscripts in Spanish, English, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Mapudungun, all of which undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process. Main indexations: Scopus (Q2) · Web of Science (ESCI) · Redalyc · Latindex · Dialnet eISSN: 2452-610X
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Católica de Temuco
CUHSO por Universidad Católica de Temuco se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. Basada en una obra en https://cuhso.uct.cl. En todos los casos, los derechos de autor son conservador por los autores. Las obras publicadas en CUHSO pueden ser compartidas, copiadas y distribuidas en cualquier medio o formato. Se autoriza la adaptación, remezcla, transformación y creación a partir de las obras. Al seguir esta licencia, los principios anteriores no pueden ser revocados. Debe reconocerse la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicarse si se han efectuado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace. Las obras publicadas en CUHSO no pueden ser utilizadas con fines comerciales. Cualquier obra derivada de contenidos publicados en CUHSO
Lenguaje y discurso jurídico: documentación judicial y normativa a través del tiempo
Este dossier nace del interés de especialistas de diversas disciplinas por dar cuenta sobre la manera en que se ha formulado el lenguaje jurídico en diversos tipos de documentación judicial y normativa jurídica a través de diferentes temporalidades y espacialidades, lo que implica procesos de traducciones, readecuaciones y resignificaciones. Se pregunta por el discurso legal en sus diferentes dimensiones y promueve el diálogo interdisciplinario en torno a las prácticas discursivas del derecho.
Dossier: Legal Language and Discourse: Judicial and Regulatory Documentation Through Time
Copyright (c) 2026 Benedetta Albani, Enrique Sologuren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
En esta entrevista, José Bengoa reflexiona sobre su trayectoria intelectual y su contribución al estudio de los pueblos indígenas en Chile, abordando los vínculos entre historia y antropología. A lo largo de la conversación, analiza los procesos históricos que han marcado la relación entre el Estado y el mundo indígena, así como los desafíos contemporáneos en materia de reconocimiento, memoria y derechos. La entrevista ofrece una mirada crítica y situada sobre la sociedad chilena, destacando la vigencia de estos debates en el contexto actual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudio Espinoza Araya, Leonardo Piña Cabrera, Hector Mora Nawrath, Andrea Chamorro Pérez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Memory and Heritage in the Initial Training of History, Geography, and Social Sciences Teachers: Discourses, Meanings, and Tensions in the Chilean Curriculum
This article analyses the role of memory and heritage in the initial training of teachers specialised in History, Geography, and Social Sciences in Chile. The objective was to understand the meanings, tensions and criteria that guide the incorporation of these approaches in the training processes of future teachers. The methodology included a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with directors and heads of undergraduate pedagogy programmes at Chilean universities. The analysis, supported by NVivo software, identified three main dimensions in the participants’ discourses: memory as a field of dispute and critical reading of the past, heritage as a pedagogical resource located in the territory, and work with archives and primary sources as a tool for the development of historical thinking in future teachers. Among the results, the broad consensus on the formative value of these approaches stands out, especially regarding citizenship training and the critical teaching of History among future teachers. However, institutional, methodological and cultural tensions were also identified, which hinder their systematic incorporation into the curricula. These tensions generate a gap between its discursive recognition and its effective curricular implementation. Overall, the findings allow us to understand how these perspectives are configured in Chilean pedagogy programmes and provide elements to strengthen heritage education in initial teacher training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaime A. Zañartu Reyes , Martín Lara Ortega , Manuel E. Cortés https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Dilemmas of a globalized forestry company. Celulosa Arauco and Constitución seeking for a better conditions: between Southern Chile and the Brazilian Cerrado
This paper studies the recent territorial strategies of Celulosa Arauco & Constitución (Arauco), a chilean enterprise world’s leading companies in forestry sector, with a presence in Latin America, Europe and North America, in forest plantations, pulp production, sawmills and panel manufacturing, and a growing energy generation. Arauco began a global expansion in the 1990s, with plantations and cellulose and panel factories in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, and panel factories in Europe and North America. Moreover, it extended its participation in different segments of the Global Forestry Value Chain, from genetics to logistics, transportation and marketing. Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilien state, became the newest frontier for the Arauco investments, its main zone business. This paper argues that Arauco has decided to reduce its presence in Chile (plantations and factories) and relocate its main operations to this Brazilian state. The forestry sector has been unable to overcome the market, natural and political limits emerged in Chile during the last decades, while Mato Grosso do Sul offers quite different territorial condition. According to historiographical and geographical methodology, this paper uses state and forestry company documents, statistics, databases, maps, press information, interviews and bibliography, from Chile and Brazil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabián Almonacid, Luis Fernando Luis Fernando https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Syllable Structure Production in children with Down Syndrome
Children with Down syndrome (DS) present multiple and complex symptoms, with expressive language being the most compromised. Specifically, the greatest difficulties are manifested at the phonetic-phonological level, which is expressed in errors that can be generated by the cognitive deficit characteristic of DS, but also by the multifactorial symptoms they present. Furthermore, Chile has a high prevalence of children with DS, the highest in Latin America. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the syllable structure of children with DS aged 5.0 to 9.11 years in order to determine how they acquire this suprasegmental feature. To this end, a group of 25 children between the ages of 5.0 and 9.11 years old from the Metropolitan, Valparaíso, and Biobío geographical areas was considered. They were given the Spanish Phonology Test (Bernhardt et al., 2016), which involves eliciting 100 words from each child, in addition to meeting a series of criteria required to be part of the sample. Among the results obtained, it was noted that children with DS present persistent syllable structure processes, mainly omissions and additions, which do not decrease with age. These alterations, related to articulation, perception, and phonological working memory difficulties, affect their intelligibility. Accurate characterization of these errors is essential for designing effective therapeutic interventions and improving their social inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Teresa Nuñez, Denisse Pérez Herrera, Susana Cáceres Valdebenito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The influence of Chilean secular laws on language. An example of the redefinition of concepts generated by legal norms
The so-called Secular Laws in Chile were enacted between 1883 and 1884, during the administration of Domingo Santa María, and regulated cemeteries, marriages, and civil status records. These norms affected the civil and canonical institutions of the time, prompting both government and ecclesiastical authorities to engage in their debate and implementation. This was reflected in the emergence of new concepts and the redefinition of existing terms, both at the popular and specialized levels. An analysis of the changes that occurred in each of the regulated areas reveals a significant transformation in both everyday and technical language; these changes also manifested more generally in the understanding of the phenomenon of secularization. The verification of this reality enables us to conclude that legislation can be an important factor in the transformation of language, mainly when it affects institutions frequently used by the population, and that its study from a conceptual historiography perspective can significantly contribute to a better understanding of historical processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrés Irarrázaval Gomien https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Cultural defense and epistemic injustices in the court: Anthropological expert reports in Mapuche cases
The article offers a theoretical framework to better understand how identity prejudices can affect the assessment of expert testimony by the judge, and so not only promote error in the search for truth in the case but also epistemic injustices related to the epistemic and systematic non-recognition of marginalized groups that collectively perpetuate a context of oppression. The article focuses on the expert evidence offered by anthropologists to supply socio-cultural and contextual understanding in criminal cases of the Chilean legal system that involves Mapuche people. The cases presented plausibly suggest that the anthropological expert evidence about marginalized groups is prejudicially embraced and produce epistemic injustices. In particular, these cases plausibly exemplify a kind of content-based epistemic injustice that has not been noticed in the judicial context. To appreciate this, first, the Rationalist tradition which is assumed is introduce as well as the phenomenon of epistemic injustices to understand the sort of epistemic dysfunctions to be considered. Second, the Chilean legal system, from which the cases are taken, is presented as well as the cultural defense that serves as background for those cases. Third, the cases about anthropological evidence about Mapuche people accused of criminal acts are presented to show the plausibility of a kind of content-based epistemic injustice that affects them, and so interfering both with the search for truth and perpetuating the invisibilization of the Mapuche people. Finally, the generalization of the considered phenomenon to other culturally marginalized groups is highlighted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leandro De Brasi, Fabien Le Bonniec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Dossier Presentation: 100 Years of Chilean and Latin American Social Work: Memory and Social Transformation
A centennial anniversary, as a significant and unique event, compels us to reflect on the journey undertaken. For Chilean and Latin American Social Work, this centennial has represented an opportunity to refine our perspective on a diversity of possible approaches to its development, considering events and experiences, some more visible than others, that have unfolded alongside the social and political history of the continent.
Dossier: 100 years of Chilean and Latin American Social Work
Copyright (c) 2025 Magaly Cabrolié-Vargas, Luis Vivero-Arriagada, Alfredo Juan Manuel Carballeda, Leticia Arancibia-Martínez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Directionality of translation in María Huenuñir's Mapuzugun poems in Malen mapu
María Huenuñir (Panguipulli, 1968) began her poetic career with Malen Mapu (2003), a book that includes eight bilingual Mapuzugun – Spanish poems. After reviewing the author's career and the evolution of her writing in Mapuzugun, the contrastive analysis of the versions of her opera prima, supported by the personal testimony of the author herself, aimed to clarify the place of the original in the poems. This analysis seeks to assess the importance of writing in Mapuzugun, which finds itself at a sociolinguistic crossroads between the loss and revitalization of the Mapuche language, in an unfavorable context of the hegemony of Spanish and the subalternization of Mapuzugun.
Copyright (c) 2026 Javier Aguirre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Pillmayken egu choyke ñi piam. Autor: Bastián Chandía Millanaw. Tortuga Samurai
Dose of understanding: Effective communication in medication consumption in southern Chile
The central aim of this study is to examine both written and oral linguistic-cultural mediation processes within the context of migration dynamics. La Araucanía, a region in southern Chile characterized by its notable interethnicity and interculturality, has seen the arrival of different migrant populations over the last ten years. Focusing on the French Creole-speaking Haitian population, this article presents the results of two research projects centered on a common theme: the use and consumption of medications. The first project involved ethnographic work on the relationships established between the staff and Haitian users in the pharmacy unit of a public health center in the city of Temuco. Subsequently, the medical leaflets that accompany all medicines when they are purchased in private pharmacies were analyzed linguistically and socioculturally. These two studies allow us to answer the fundamental question that justifies this work: how can language recognize or undermine people in societies that are increasingly pluralistic in social and cultural terms? The main conclusion reached is that, although oral communication facilitated by bicultural mediators resolves communication problems between culturally and linguistically diverse actors, it is self-defeating and unfeasible in economic and personnel terms. For this reason, we propose what we call accessible and public writing to promote fairer and more humanizing inter-societal and intercultural relations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jimena Weinberg Alarcón, Mario Samaniego https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The Hispanic conceptualization of the American “Indian” in the 16th century, with special reference to the Chichimeca and Reche-Mapuche borderlands
Through the analysis of colonial texts written by conquistadors, explorers, naturalists, theologians, jurists, and missionaries of the 16th century, complemented by recently published works, this article addresses the intellectual process of constructing the concept of the american "Indian". It is assumed that discourses surrounding the Indian emanate from actors governed by their own agendas (personal or institutional), which over time shifted from an ethnographic discourse that based its epistemological roots primarily on the theological and philosophical foundations of ancient and medieval thought to one based primarily on empirical evidence. A particular approach is made to the Chichimeca and Reche-Mapuche cases, the two most conflictive Spanish-Indian borderlands at the end of that century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francis Goicovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Allegories of time in the centenary of chilean social work
On May 4, 2025, the first specialized unit of Social Work in Chile and Latin America will be founded, this enables the passage of time to be placed in the central position of the commemoration. The tradition of ancient Greece recognizes three mythological figures that symbolize time and correspond to the chronological and sequential time of Kronos; the circular time, inspired by the cyclic passage of nature of Aion; and the time of opportunity and inspiration of Kairos. In this context, the objective of this article is to reflect on the centenary commemoration of chilean Social Work from the allegories of time expressed in Kronos, Kairos and Aion, taking as reference the main events recorded in the specialized professional bibliography. Thus, in the one hundred years of social work in Chile and Latin America, there is a converging temporal sequence of Kronos, drawn from the relevant events that mark the professional calendars; the experiential time of Kairos, which symbolizes the decisions in contingency that have strengthened specialized knowledge and social practice; and the time of Aion, which represents a distinctive and immanent disciplinary and professional knowledge. These allegories symbolize conceptions and experiences of a century-old time, which flows between permanence and change, linked to the vocation and commitment of Social Work with a social world in permanent transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Castañeda-Meneses, Ana María Salamé-Coulon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Reseña del Libro. Poder de clase y política laboral. Sindicatos, asociaciones empresariales y reforma en Chile. Pablo Pérez Ahumada. Ed. Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Santiago, Chile.
Book Review. Class Power and Labor Politics. Unions, Business Associations, and Reform in Chile. Pablo Pérez Ahumada. Ed. Alberto Hurtado University. Santiago, Chile.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dasten Julián https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Railway mobility and territorial roots: memories and Social Roles of train workers in south-central Chile
Using a qualitative approach, a study focused on the experiences of railway workers in the Maule, Biobío, and Araucanía regions was developed. The objective was to analyze how these workers become key actors in railway promotion and planning, highlighting their influence on railway operations and their perceptions of railway heritage in motion in south-central Chile. The results highlight a railway tradition linked to biographical aspects, such as a certain heritage and professional skills appropriate for working on trains; the identification of a railway social role linked to the mobility of people from predominantly rural areas; the role of the railway in relation to territories; and the existence of a railway heritage sustained by communities, their memory, and railway architecture. The conclusions are that the railway is a means of transport deeply rooted in the culture and economy of the study area, the importance of railway workers in the promotion of railway heritage, and the need to comprehensively revitalize the railway in the study regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hernán Riquelme Brevis, Alejandro Vallina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Challenges in Latin American agri-food policies: new normality, sustainability, participation and the panorama of SEGALMEX 2019-2024
Current Latin American agri-food policies aim to increase yields per unit area to guarantee the supply of basic foodstuffs. Based on this premise, the Mexican Food Security Policy (SEGALMEX) 2019-2024 was analyzed, considering its sustainability aspect for the sector and peasant production, and the strategies it implemented to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resulting new normality. Within this analytical framework, the most relevant Latin American agri-food policies are examined from a sociological critique perspective based on content analysis and heuristic-hermeneutic analysis to discuss and provide feedback on their approach to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on the Mexican Food Security Policy (SEGALMEX). This analysis identified areas of opportunity in terms of agri-food self-sufficiency, security, sovereignty, and sustainability, and proposes conceptual and operational elements to address the observed conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 José Téllez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Theory as sociological metaphor: Identity self-construction and struggle for recognition among Mapuche and Colombian communities in Chile and Argentina
This article proposes a sociological metaphor inspired by color theory to analyze identity construction and struggles for recognition among collectives excluded from public space. Based on qualitative interviews with members of the Mapuche people and Colombian migrants in Argentina and Chile, the study applies a grounded theory methodology. Findings show that identity is relational, situated, and shaped by hegemonic discourse, political context, and self-perception. The article proposes a bottom-up approach centered on the voices of excluded groups, rather than on how power represents them. Agency is emphasized as these groups actively observe, narrate, and construct meaning from critical margins.
Copyright (c) 2026 Damian Andres Canton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Historical and Contextual Overdeterminations in the Origin and Configuration of Chilean Social Work
This article proposes an examination of the Chilean socio-historical context that enabled the emergence of a discipline such as Social Work. It identifies and critically analyzes four conceptual tensions or antinomies that have overdetermined the discipline and that may shed light on the contemporary challenges of Chilean social work as it moves through the twenty-first century: authoritarianism/authority; emerging developmentalism/oligarchic extractivist or rentier economy; the tension between State and civil society; and, finally, the essential tension between science and ideology. From an analytical synthesis standpoint, it is argued that the socio-political fabric has shaped the discipline since its origins, constituting a field of contradictory forces that has continuously placed its various actors within a dynamic of production, resistance, and reproduction underpinning contemporary social work.
Copyright (c) 2025 Walter Molina Chavez, Alejandra González https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
From dispersion to systematization: toward a typology of the characteristic features of plain language legal discourse
The aim of this research is to establish a typology of linguistic-discursive features (LDF) associated with plain language (PL) in the legal field, as reported in recent research articles. To achieve this purpose, we conducted a qualitative study guided by current methodological guidelines for the construction of typologies. In addition, we considered various standards of scientific quality and rigor in its development. As key results of the study, we were able to identify and group the features that facilitate and complicate legal texts, according to the review of existing specialized literature. Based on this, we propose a typology of LDF associated with PL in the legal domain. Complementarily, we offer a clear and appealing visualization of how our proposal is structured, so that the information is easier to use. Moreover, we have made our entire typology available online, with free, open, and interactive access, so that interested parties can consult and use it for any relevant purposes. As a central conclusion, the typology presented can be defined by its cumulative, non-binary, and flexible nature. Consequently, we believe it may be useful for various audiences and for multiple theoretical or applied purposes across disciplines.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulina Meza, Fernando Lillo-Fuentes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
El lenguaje de la restitutio en la segunda escolástica
This article aims to study the theological-juridical category of restitutio in general, in relevant authors of the Second Spanish Scholasticism. This is a manifestation of a specific language situated in a theological-moral context that would progressively acquire a more juridical and even secularized character. Restitutio can be understood as a technical, albeit theological-juridical, concept that allowed not only to bring together but also to reinterpret many solutions from the Roman legal tradition regarding unjust enrichment, damages, possession, and in some cases, even damages and breach of contract, under a central idea of commutative justice following Thomas Aquinas. It is based on the methodological premise that the common use of language determines a shared way of seeing legal reality within an order and at the same time serves to constitute it, conferring legitimacy on it. In this case, the underlying ordo as premise is the communal experience of the Catholic faith and the organization of space as Res Publica Christiana, under the theology and spirit of the Council of Trent.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arturo Salazar Santander https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Discursive practices in law and legal education: a theoretical and bibliographical review
Juridical formation has been characterized by a traditional approach focused on memorizing legal knowledge, leaving essential communicative practices of professional work in the background. Despite this, there are few approaches that analyze juridical formation by simultaneously considering teaching and learning, reading and writing practices, the analysis of discursive genres, and the use of terminology and clear language. This article presents a systematic review of 53 sources, including scientific articles, manuals, guides, glossaries, and book chapters published between 2012 and 2025 in Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, and on the website of the Chilean Judiciary. These sources address the teaching and learning of law from a comprehensive perspective and come from work carried out in Chile and Spanish-speaking countries. The purpose of this review is to identify the main contributions of the literature to legal professional training. The review followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 Statement (Page et al., 2021), ensuring transparency and rigor in the selection and analysis of the studies included. The results show that, although traditional approaches continue to predominate, recent literature has incorporated innovative pedagogical strategies aimed at legal literacy, the development of discursive skills, and the adaptation of technical language. Likewise, gaps between theory and professional practice are identified, as well as challenges in teaching literacy, genre analysis, and plain language, which are fundamental aspects for the comprehensive training of future lawyers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enrique Sologuren Insúa, Maximiliano Cordovez Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Raspacanilla: A subaltern music scene in Venezuela from its genealogy, identity construction, and phonographic practices
Raspacanilla is a Venezuelan musical practice with more than sixty years of history, which emerged as a variant of Colombian cumbia in the states of Lara and Zulia within a context of migration and social and cultural transformation. This study aims to make raspacanilla visible and to critically address it as a subaltern and peripheral music, excluded from the recording industry and academic discourse, yet sustained through community-based and self-managed dynamics. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines the sociology of music—through the concept of musical scenes—and musicology applied to phonographic production, using open interviews with performers, audiences, and recording technicians, as well as an organological and stylistic analysis of recordings identified by musicians themselves as raspacanilla. The results show that the genre is characterized by the use of the organ, accelerated tempos, and circulation outside the recording industry, functioning as a space of social cohesion, cultural resistance, and identity construction among popular and migrant communities. As an independent and peripheral music, raspacanilla constitutes a musical scene that resignifies cumbia within the Venezuelan context and reveals new ways of understanding subaltern musical practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Perez-Valero, Marelis Loreto-Amoretti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Claims, negotiations and discursive strategies. Women´s petitions during the independence, Chile 1810-1832
The objective of this study is to examine the use of petitions as a discursive resource employed by women to obtain the benefits they demanded in the context of Chilean independence and the early republican decades. First of all, it seeks to identify those petitions that reflect the economic, social, and family difficulties faced by women during this political context. Secondly, it aims to analyze the discursive strategies implemented by them to persuade the competent authorities. Women devised strategic discourses in their negotiations with authorities. On one hand, they used the political languages of the period to frame their demands within a legitimate political context, especially when their family and daily lives were affected by the consequences of independence. On the other hand, they deployed a gender narrative that positioned them as mothers and wives defending the subsistence of the family unit. This study demonstrates that petitions were central to the feminization of the public sphere during independence, showing how women emerged as active agents of political discourse, incorporating practical and symbolic ideas of the period, whether adhering to or rejecting national political projects according to their aspirations, and how their claims represented a significant form of female protagonism and a broader notion of citizenship based on their own self-representation of feminine duty. The methodology is based on the analysis of a documentary corpus composed of 467 petitions extracted from the “Ministerio de Hacienda”, the “Ministerio del interior”, and the “contaduría mayor” corresponding to the period 1810–1832.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Armijo, Javiera Martínez Gutiérrez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Rhetorical Structure and Judicial Reasoning in Civil Law: A Move-Analysis Model Applied to Judgments
The article proposes a model of legal discourse analysis that conceives the judicial decision as a macro-genre and segments it into macromoves, moves, and rhetorical steps. This structure is linked to operations of judicial reasoning—such as interpretation and subsumption—in order to observe how the text unfolds the justification of the decision. The model is illustrated through the analysis of a 1912 judgment and a 1959 plenary decision of the Supreme Court of Chile. This exercise tests the procedure and describes its strengths and limits. The study shows how textual organization is connected to reasoning operations and to ideological horizons that can be inferred from the discourse itself. Although this is a pilot corpus with limited conclusions, the article concludes that linking rhetorical segments and legal operations provides an orderly framework for comparing cases and periods, and that the model can help make explicit the rhetorical-discursive mechanisms that rulings use to decide in line with a legal policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudio Antonio Agüero San Juan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Medical opinion in the courts of late colonial Chile. Adaptations of medical language to the requirements of the judicial space
This article examines the judicial system’s recourse to medical opinion to certify wounds, blows, causes of death and general health condition of sick people. Drawing from medical certifications registered in judicial archives of late-colonial Chile, it studies how medical language adapted to the requirements of the administration of justice, offering diagnostic categories that were functional to assert the seriousness of a crime, the liability of the accused and, eventually, his or her right to a suspended sentence for health reasons. This article reflects on the extent to which judicial requirements forced medical practitioners to take a position regarding the nature, diagnosis, and prognosis of the illness in question. It also delves into how the connection between medicine and the courts functioned as a space for legitimizing the profession.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariana Labarca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Scientific production on childcare policies in Latin America (2012–2021): systematic review and bibliometric analysis
This article analyzes scientific production on childcare policies in Latin America published between 2012 and 2021, based on a systematic literature review complemented by a bibliometric analysis. Drawing on 81 articles, we identify three major thematic clusters and discuss their main findings, tensions, and contributions to understanding the field and informing the design of public care policies in the region. The results show that the literature on childcare policies in Latin America is organized around tensions between maternalism, gender inequality, early childhood education, health, and cognitive development. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive and intersectoral policies grounded in a rights-based approach and a gender perspective.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Alejandra Inostroza Correa, Daniela Díaz Bórquez, Magdalena Calderon-Orellana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Textbooks in Chilean legal culture: their use in legal education to shape legal thinking
One of the characteristic features of Chilean legal culture is its predominant legalism. This is due to various factors, but one that stands out is that the rule of law underpins law in Chile. Therefore, its teaching becomes necessary in the classroom. One of the typical ways law is learned in our country is through manuals specially prepared by legal scholars. These manuals have a communicative macro-purpose: to persuade people about a theoretical or ideological approach, which, in this case, is legalism, which shapes legal thinking. In this article, we will address this issue based on a conceptual clarification of the terms legal culture, legalism, authority, textbooks, macro-purposes, and legal thinking, with the aim of understanding what we teach when we teach law. We will conclude with some reflections.
Copyright (c) 2026 Camilo Arancibia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Between Transformation and Depoliticization. The Role of Philanthropic Foundations in Chilean Environmental Education
This article analyzes the approaches and practices developed by philanthropic foundations regarding environmental education in Chile. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines research on environmental sciences, educational policies, and social intervention, and employing a qualitative methodological approach that combines semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, the article analyzes the characteristics and approaches of the set of environmental education interventions developed by philanthropic foundations in the country, but with a focus on two iconic programs: the “Escuela del Bosque” program (developed by the CMPC Foundation) and the “Naturalizar” program (developed by the Ilumina Foundation). The results show the existence of different forms of relationship between the foundations and the State, with complementarity (rather than competition) being the predominant form of relationship. Likewise, philanthropic interventions are shaped by the organizational characteristics of the foundations, with the mission of corporate foundations and the family seal being central. Finally, although the predominant pedagogical approaches are heterogeneous, naturalistic tendencies prevail with different nuances depending on the programmatic proposal. Although the initiatives analyzed promote valuable learning about nature, the absence of critical approaches, aligned with technocratic logics, generates tensions between depoliticization and the search for socio-environmental transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Tapia-Urra, Cristóbal Villalobos, Mitzi Duboy-Luengo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
The State and Civil Society in the Protection of Human Rights: A Hermeneutic Approach
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the State and civil society in the protection of human rights. In this regard, the epistemic foundations of the State at the international level were reviewed, the epistemological basis of civil society within the international community was identified, and the roles played by both actors in the protection of human rights were analyzed. The study was conducted within a post-positivist paradigm, using a qualitative approach and grounded in the hermeneutic method. The analysis led to a set of final reflections that highlight the importance of respect for human rights by those responsible for guaranteeing them, together with the contribution of civil society in monitoring and safeguarding these rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ysolina Betsabé Díaz González, José Molina, Héctor Espinoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
San Antonio Dockworkers Facing Technological Change: Strategies and Tensions in the Context of Chilean Neoliberalism
Maritime transport is an international business in which ports occupy a strategic position. Its evolution poses various challenges for dockworkers, who must safeguard their occupations and workplaces. From a union revitalization perspective, this article analyzes the development of strategies deployed by organized dockworkers to confront technological change in a highly hostile labor context, as exemplified by the Chilean case. Using a case study approach, a total of 18 interviews were conducted in 2021. The evidence indicates that both the deregulated port labor contracting market and the absence of sectoral bargaining are key explanatory factors that significantly weaken the strategic position of these workers when facing such challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Camila Alvarez Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es