Theory as sociological metaphor: Identity self-construction and struggle for recognition among Mapuche and Colombian communities in Chile and Argentina

Abstract

This article proposes a sociological metaphor inspired by color theory to analyze identity construction and struggles for recognition among collectives excluded from public space. Based on qualitative interviews with members of the Mapuche people and Colombian migrants in Argentina and Chile, the study applies a grounded theory methodology. Findings show that identity is relational, situated, and shaped by hegemonic discourse, political context, and self-perception. The article proposes a bottom-up approach centered on the voices of excluded groups, rather than on how power represents them. Agency is emphasized as these groups actively observe, narrate, and construct meaning from critical margins.